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- Galvanic cell
- Galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell that provides energy during its operation; synonymous with voltaic cell.
- Ground state
- Ground state is the lowest energy state of an atom or molecule.
- Group numbers
- The group number is an identifier used to describe the column of the standard periodic table in which the element appears. Going down a group, the elements all have the same valence structure, but with an increasing number of shells. The scheme used in periodic table is the current IUPAC convention.
The following names for main groups in the periodic table are in common use:
- Group 1: alkali metals
- Group 2: alkaline earth metals
- Group 15: boron group
- Group 15: carbon group
- Group 15: nitrogen group
- Group 16: oxygen group
- Group 16: chalcogens
- Group 17: halogens
- Group 18: noble gases
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